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Due to the dependency of electric loads on the voltage, the load consumption can be controlled by controlling the voltage level. Optimal voltage regulation can benefit the distribution system by reducing the costs of purchasing electric power in the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) mode and increasing the sold energy income in the optimal voltage increase mode. Moreover, implementing demand response programs (DRP) is an effective way to decrease the costs and increase the profit of utilities and customers. This paper investigates the impact of incentive-based DRP and CVR on the operation of the distribution system under different objective functions. The cost of electricity consumption, the profit obtained by the electricity market, and system reliability are the three objective functions. Respect to the considered objective functions, eight scenarios are studied, and their results are compared. Finally, the obtained results validate the method and confirm the positive effect of simultaneous DRP and CVR. 

In the recent years, due to the economic and environmental requirements, the use of distributed generations (DGs) has increased. If DGs have the optimal size and are located at the optimal locations, they are capable of enhancing the voltage profile and reducing the power loss. This paper proposes a new approach to obtain the optimal location and size of DGs. To this end, exchange market algorithm (EMA) is offered to find the optimal size and location of DGs subject to minimizing loss, increasing voltage profile, and improving voltage stability in the distribution systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified on both 33- and 69-bus IEEE standard systems.